Decatur Co-op Association -

Crop Production

USDA Fri May 10, 2024

Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released May 10, 2024, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Winter Wheat Production Up 2 Percent from 2023 Orange Production Down 2 Percent from April Forecast Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.28 billion bushels, up 2 percent from 2023. As of May 1, the United States yield is forecast at 50.7 bushels per acre, up 0.1 bushel from last year's average yield of 50.6 bushels per acre. Area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 25.2 million acres, up 2 percent from last year. Hard Red Winter production, at 705 million bushels, is up 17 percent from a year ago. Soft Red Winter, at 344 million bushels, is down 23 percent from 2023. White Winter, at 229 million bushels, is up 16 percent from last year. Of the White Winter production, 17.3 million bushels are Hard White and 211 million bushels are Soft White. The United States all orange forecast for the 2023-2024 season is 2.69 million tons, down 2 percent from the previous forecast but up 5 percent from the 2022-2023 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 17.8 million boxes (801,000 tons), is down 5 percent from the previous forecast but up 13 percent from last season's final utilization. In Florida, early, midseason, and Navel varieties are forecast at 6.80 million boxes (306,000 tons), unchanged from the previous forecast but up 11 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 11.0 million boxes (495,000 tons), is down 8 percent from the previous forecast but up 14 percent from last season's final utilization. This report was approved on May 10, 2024. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Alexis M. Taylor Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Lance Honig Contents Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted May 1, 2024.............................................................................................. 5 Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted May 1, 2024.............................................................................................. 6 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2023 and Forecasted May 1, 2024............................... 6 Hay Stocks on Farms - States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2022-2024.......................... 7 Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2022-2023 and Forecasted May 1, 2024.............................................................................................. 8 Peach Production by Type - California: 2023 and Forecasted May 1, 2024................................... 9 Almonds Production - State and United States: 2023 and Forecasted May 1, 2024............................ 9 Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type - States and United States: 2022 and 2023.............. 10 Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type - States and United States: 2022 and 2023..................... 11 Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition - States and United States: 2022 and 2023..................... 12 Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre - Selected States: 2019-2023................................................ 12 Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2019-2023............................................... 13 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024.. 14 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024.... 16 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024.............................. 18 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024................................ 19 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map...................................................................... 20 Departure from Normal Temperature Map.................................................................... 20 April Weather Summary.................................................................................... 21 April Agricultural Summary............................................................................... 21 Crop Comments............................................................................................ 23 Statistical Methodology.................................................................................. 25 Reliability of May 1 Crop Production Forecasts........................................................... 26 Information Contacts..................................................................................... 27 This page intentionally left blank. Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted May 1, 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- -- bushels -- --- 1,000 bushels -- : Arkansas ..........: 165 75 57.0 50.0 9,405 3,750 California ........: 80 80 80.0 80.0 6,400 6,400 Colorado ..........: 1,820 1,850 41.0 44.0 74,620 81,400 Idaho .............: 630 690 89.0 90.0 56,070 62,100 Illinois ..........: 780 680 87.0 83.0 67,860 56,440 Indiana ...........: 335 240 92.0 84.0 30,820 20,160 Kansas ............: 5,750 7,050 35.0 38.0 201,250 267,900 Kentucky ..........: 460 370 88.0 83.0 40,480 30,710 Maryland ..........: 195 175 85.0 82.0 16,575 14,350 Michigan ..........: 560 380 83.0 85.0 46,480 32,300 : Missouri ..........: 600 500 70.0 67.0 42,000 33,500 Montana ...........: 1,680 1,850 51.0 47.0 85,680 86,950 Nebraska ..........: 880 850 42.0 47.0 36,960 39,950 North Carolina ....: 400 320 70.0 64.0 28,000 20,480 Ohio ..............: 590 450 90.0 84.0 53,100 37,800 Oklahoma ..........: 2,450 2,600 28.0 37.0 68,600 96,200 Oregon ............: 725 715 56.0 68.0 40,600 48,620 Pennsylvania ......: 230 200 76.0 77.0 17,480 15,400 South Dakota ......: 700 780 47.0 52.0 32,900 40,560 Tennessee .........: 390 310 80.0 80.0 31,200 24,800 : Texas .............: 2,100 2,100 37.0 34.0 77,700 71,400 Virginia ..........: 135 100 78.0 71.0 10,530 7,100 Washington ........: 1,750 1,800 54.0 65.0 94,500 117,000 Wisconsin .........: 230 200 76.0 78.0 17,480 15,600 : Other States 1/ ...: 1,048 833 58.3 56.2 61,058 46,825 : United States .....: 24,683 25,198 50.6 50.7 1,247,748 1,277,695 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ For 2023, other States include Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, South Carolina, Utah, and Wyoming. For 2024, other States include Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, South Carolina, Utah, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2024 Summary" report. Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2023 and Forecasted May 1, 2024 [Area harvested for the United States and remaining States will be published in the "Acreage" report released June 2024. Yield and production will be published in the "Crop Production" report released July 2024. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :------------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --- bushels --- 1,000 bushels : Arizona ...........: 37 59 103.0 103.0 3,811 6,077 California ........: 17 16 114.0 103.0 1,938 1,648 Idaho 1/ ..........: 10 (NA) 65.0 (NA) 650 (NA) Montana ...........: 675 31.0 20,925 North Dakota ......: 865 37.0 32,005 : United States .....: 1,604 37.0 59,329 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2024. Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2023 and Forecasted May 1, 2024 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : 2023 : 2024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red ..........: 601,017 705,371 Soft red ..........: 449,017 343,640 Hard white ........: 14,142 17,311 Soft white ........: 183,572 211,373 : Spring : Hard red ..........: 468,068 Hard white ........: 8,745 Soft white ........: 28,087 Durum .............: 59,329 : Total .......... : 1,811,977 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hay Stocks on Farms - States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2022-2024 ------------------------------------------------------------- : December 1 : May 1 State :--------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : Alabama .......: 1,300 1,100 160 135 Arizona .......: 260 460 20 50 Arkansas ......: 1,440 1,550 200 260 California ....: 1,155 1,550 325 225 Colorado ......: 1,350 1,650 170 800 Connecticut ...: 41 42 7 7 Delaware ......: 11 13 2 2 Florida .......: 450 470 30 80 Georgia .......: 950 930 120 230 Idaho .........: 2,500 2,550 460 740 : Illinois ......: 980 860 240 225 Indiana .......: 770 850 220 190 Iowa ..........: 2,480 2,140 380 455 Kansas ........: 4,100 3,600 720 1,250 Kentucky ......: 3,100 3,000 630 610 Louisiana .....: 610 560 90 85 Maine .........: 142 157 29 28 Maryland ......: 300 295 49 67 Massachusetts .: 39 40 11 9 Michigan ......: 980 870 230 290 : Minnesota .....: 2,190 1,330 560 390 Mississippi ...: 800 710 110 110 Missouri ......: 4,650 4,700 820 810 Montana .......: 3,250 3,850 450 1,590 Nebraska ......: 3,000 3,850 530 950 Nevada ........: 560 770 105 160 New Hampshire .: 41 40 6 7 New Jersey ....: 77 84 15 12 New Mexico ....: 200 250 30 110 New York ......: 1,400 845 490 320 : North Carolina : 990 930 125 180 North Dakota ..: 3,300 4,250 860 1,400 Ohio ..........: 1,350 1,120 350 300 Oklahoma ......: 3,000 5,900 400 1,800 Oregon ........: 1,410 1,200 230 400 Pennsylvania ..: 1,630 1,540 380 305 Rhode Island ..: 5 5 1 1 South Carolina : 380 460 70 100 South Dakota ..: 4,350 5,400 1,250 1,900 Tennessee .....: 2,650 2,750 400 410 : Texas .........: 5,000 5,500 940 1,500 Utah ..........: 1,250 1,360 480 620 Vermont .......: 175 150 33 37 Virginia ......: 1,700 1,750 320 410 Washington ....: 1,200 1,500 360 360 West Virginia .: 780 780 175 185 Wisconsin .....: 2,165 1,520 560 390 Wyoming .......: 1,300 1,490 190 515 : United States .: 71,761 76,721 14,333 21,010 ------------------------------------------------------------- Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2022-2023 and Forecasted May 1, 2024 [The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production boxes 1/ :Utilized production ton equivalent Crop and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 boxes ----- ------ 1,000 tons ----- Oranges : California, all 2/ .........: 44,700 46,000 1,788 1,840 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 36,100 38,000 1,444 1,520 Valencia ..................: 8,600 8,000 344 320 : Florida, all ...............: 15,820 17,800 712 801 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 6,150 6,800 277 306 Valencia ..................: 9,670 11,000 435 495 : Texas, all 2/ ..............: 1,130 1,100 48 47 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 570 700 24 30 Valencia ..................: 560 400 24 17 : United States, all .........: 61,650 64,900 2,548 2,688 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 42,820 45,500 1,745 1,856 Valencia ..................: 18,830 19,400 803 832 : Grapefruit : California 2/ ..............: 4,300 4,100 172 164 Florida, all ...............: 1,810 1,800 77 77 Texas 2/ ...................: 2,250 2,600 90 104 : United States ..............: 8,360 8,500 339 345 : Tangerines and mandarins 4/ : California 2/ ..............: 23,550 22,000 942 880 Florida ....................: 480 500 23 24 : United States ..............: 24,030 22,500 965 904 : Lemons 2/ : Arizona ....................: 1,400 1,050 56 42 California .................: 26,000 22,000 1,040 880 : United States ..............: 27,400 23,050 1,096 922 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in California-80, Florida-95; lemons-80. 2/ Estimates for current year carried forward from an earlier forecast. 3/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. 4/ Includes tangelos and tangors. Peach Production by Type - California: 2023 and Forecasted May 1, 2024 -------------------------------------------------------- : Total production Type :----------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------- : tons : Freestone ..........: 259,000 280,000 : Clingstone .........: 221,000 230,000 : Total ..............: 480,000 510,000 -------------------------------------------------------- Almonds Production - State and United States: 2023 and Forecasted May 1, 2024 -------------------------------------------------------- : Total production (shelled basis) State :----------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 -------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : California .........: 2,470,000 3,000,000 : United States ......: 2,470,000 3,000,000 -------------------------------------------------------- Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested : Yield per acre Type and State :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------------- 1,000 acres --------------- ---- pounds ---- : Upland : Alabama .........: 435.0 380.0 430.0 374.0 930 937 Arizona .........: 87.0 76.0 86.0 75.0 1,563 1,331 Arkansas ........: 640.0 510.0 625.0 505.0 1,189 1,295 California ......: 19.0 13.0 18.5 12.8 1,946 2,025 Florida .........: 106.0 89.0 103.0 87.0 769 612 Georgia .........: 1,290.0 1,110.0 1,270.0 1,100.0 1,002 949 Kansas ..........: 163.0 112.0 136.0 94.0 586 761 Louisiana .......: 195.0 120.0 190.0 115.0 904 872 Mississippi .....: 530.0 400.0 525.0 395.0 1,084 1,083 Missouri ........: 360.0 335.0 340.0 330.0 1,240 1,361 : New Mexico ......: 66.0 32.0 29.0 17.0 993 649 North Carolina ..: 470.0 380.0 460.0 370.0 1,049 933 Oklahoma ........: 660.0 420.0 220.0 180.0 663 560 South Carolina ..: 270.0 210.0 266.0 207.0 911 937 Tennessee .......: 335.0 265.0 325.0 260.0 1,053 1,250 Texas ...........: 7,850.0 5,550.0 2,000.0 2,100.0 734 618 Virginia ........: 91.0 81.0 90.0 80.0 1,131 1,122 : United States ...: 13,567.0 10,083.0 7,113.5 6,301.8 945 895 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 15.0 16.0 14.4 16.0 933 900 California ......: 115.0 85.0 114.0 82.0 1,558 1,346 New Mexico ......: 19.0 17.0 18.7 16.8 719 800 Texas ...........: 33.0 29.0 29.0 23.0 728 584 : United States ...: 182.0 147.0 176.1 137.8 1,281 1,101 : All : Alabama .........: 435.0 380.0 430.0 374.0 930 937 Arizona .........: 102.0 92.0 100.4 91.0 1,473 1,255 Arkansas ........: 640.0 510.0 625.0 505.0 1,189 1,295 California ......: 134.0 98.0 132.5 94.8 1,612 1,438 Florida .........: 106.0 89.0 103.0 87.0 769 612 Georgia .........: 1,290.0 1,110.0 1,270.0 1,100.0 1,002 949 Kansas ..........: 163.0 112.0 136.0 94.0 586 761 Louisiana .......: 195.0 120.0 190.0 115.0 904 872 Mississippi .....: 530.0 400.0 525.0 395.0 1,084 1,083 Missouri ........: 360.0 335.0 340.0 330.0 1,240 1,361 : New Mexico ......: 85.0 49.0 47.7 33.8 886 724 North Carolina ..: 470.0 380.0 460.0 370.0 1,049 933 Oklahoma ........: 660.0 420.0 220.0 180.0 663 560 South Carolina ..: 270.0 210.0 266.0 207.0 911 937 Tennessee .......: 335.0 265.0 325.0 260.0 1,053 1,250 Texas ...........: 7,883.0 5,579.0 2,029.0 2,123.0 734 618 Virginia ........: 91.0 81.0 90.0 80.0 1,131 1,122 : United States ...: 13,749.0 10,230.0 7,289.6 6,439.6 953 899 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production in : : Bales ginned in Type and State : 480-pound net weight : Lint seed : 480-pound net weight : bales 1/ : ratio : bales 2/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 bales --- ------ ratio ----- -------- bales -------- : Upland : Alabama .........: 833.0 730.0 (NA) (NA) 808,450 715,400 Arizona .........: 280.0 208.0 (NA) (NA) 265,800 189,250 Arkansas ........: 1,548.0 1,362.0 (NA) (NA) 1,678,000 1,529,250 California ......: 75.0 54.0 (NA) (NA) 93,300 72,200 Florida .........: 165.0 111.0 (NA) (NA) 134,250 95,350 Georgia .........: 2,650.0 2,175.0 (NA) (NA) 2,694,150 2,203,850 Kansas ..........: 166.0 149.0 (NA) (NA) 121,850 126,550 Louisiana .......: 358.0 209.0 (NA) (NA) 365,000 212,250 Mississippi .....: 1,186.0 891.0 (NA) (NA) 1,160,200 850,150 Missouri ........: 878.0 936.0 (NA) (NA) 774,850 811,250 : New Mexico ......: 60.0 23.0 (NA) (NA) 28,300 16,450 North Carolina ..: 1,005.0 719.0 (NA) (NA) 1,065,650 773,650 Oklahoma ........: 304.0 210.0 (NA) (NA) 171,900 142,950 South Carolina ..: 505.0 404.0 (NA) (NA) 441,650 339,250 Tennessee .......: 713.0 677.0 (NA) (NA) 706,500 668,100 Texas ...........: 3,060.0 2,705.0 (NA) (NA) 3,253,850 2,792,650 Virginia ........: 212.0 187.0 (NA) (NA) 208,700 190,500 : United States ...: 13,998.0 11,750.0 (NA) (NA) 13,972,400 11,729,050 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 28.0 30.0 (NA) (NA) 27,500 27,050 California ......: 370.0 230.0 (NA) (NA) 369,800 229,650 New Mexico ......: 28.0 28.0 (NA) (NA) 31,750 29,150 Texas ...........: 44.0 28.0 (NA) (NA) 39,350 29,100 : United States ...: 470.0 316.0 (NA) (NA) 468,400 314,950 : All : Alabama .........: 833.0 730.0 (NA) (NA) 808,450 715,400 Arizona .........: 308.0 238.0 (NA) (NA) 293,300 216,300 Arkansas ........: 1,548.0 1,362.0 0.432 0.443 1,678,000 1,529,250 California ......: 445.0 284.0 (NA) (NA) 463,100 301,850 Florida .........: 165.0 111.0 (NA) (NA) 134,250 95,350 Georgia .........: 2,650.0 2,175.0 0.456 0.455 2,694,150 2,203,850 Kansas ..........: 166.0 149.0 (NA) (NA) 121,850 126,550 Louisiana .......: 358.0 209.0 (NA) (NA) 365,000 212,250 Mississippi .....: 1,186.0 891.0 0.432 0.436 1,160,200 850,150 Missouri ........: 878.0 936.0 (NA) (NA) 774,850 811,250 : New Mexico ......: 88.0 51.0 (NA) (NA) 60,050 45,600 North Carolina ..: 1,005.0 719.0 (NA) (NA) 1,065,650 773,650 Oklahoma ........: 304.0 210.0 (NA) (NA) 171,900 142,950 South Carolina ..: 505.0 404.0 (NA) (NA) 441,650 339,250 Tennessee .......: 713.0 677.0 (NA) (NA) 706,500 668,100 Texas ...........: 3,104.0 2,733.0 0.442 0.445 3,293,200 2,821,750 Virginia ........: 212.0 187.0 (NA) (NA) 208,700 190,500 : United States ...: 14,468.0 12,066.0 (NA) (NA) 14,440,800 12,044,000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Production ginned and to be ginned. 2/ Equivalent 480-pound net weight bales ginned, not adjusted for cross-state movement. Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition - States and United States: 2022 and 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Farm disposition : : : :-----------------------------------: Seed for : Production : Sales to : : planting 2/ State : : oil mills : Other 1/ : : :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : Alabama .......: 236.0 206.0 19.0 25.0 217.0 181.0 2.3 2.5 Arizona .......: 121.0 85.0 - - 121.0 85.0 0.8 0.8 Arkansas ......: 489.0 411.0 356.0 293.0 133.0 118.0 3.0 3.5 California ....: 153.0 100.0 47.0 27.0 106.0 73.0 0.8 1.2 Florida .......: 48.0 32.0 34.0 21.0 14.0 11.0 0.5 0.5 Georgia .......: 757.0 624.0 349.0 243.0 408.0 381.0 5.5 5.1 Kansas ........: 50.0 46.0 - - 50.0 46.0 0.6 0.6 Louisiana .....: 109.0 67.0 57.0 34.0 52.0 33.0 0.8 0.9 Mississippi ...: 374.0 277.0 215.0 135.0 159.0 142.0 2.3 3.1 Missouri ......: 317.0 322.0 136.0 133.0 181.0 189.0 2.0 2.1 : New Mexico ....: 23.0 17.0 - - 23.0 17.0 0.5 0.3 North Carolina : 295.0 206.0 10.0 7.0 285.0 199.0 2.3 2.5 Oklahoma ......: 93.0 61.0 44.0 50.0 49.0 11.0 2.9 2.8 South Carolina : 141.0 114.0 38.0 20.0 103.0 94.0 1.3 1.3 Tennessee .....: 208.0 207.0 161.0 160.0 47.0 47.0 2.2 1.9 Texas .........: 940.0 815.0 446.0 462.0 494.0 353.0 39.1 30.7 Virginia ......: 61.0 54.0 11.0 11.0 50.0 43.0 0.5 0.5 : United States .: 4,415.0 3,644.0 1,923.0 1,621.0 2,492.0 2,023.0 67.4 60.3 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Includes planting seed, feed, exports, inter-farm sales, shrinkage, losses, and other uses. 2/ Included in "other" farm disposition. Seed for planting is produced in crop year shown, but used in the following year. Cotton Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in 4 cotton-producing States during 2023. Randomly selected plots in cotton fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre - Selected States: 2019-2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : State : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : pounds : Arkansas ..........: 73 53 43 80 45 Georgia ...........: 269 236 158 218 143 Mississippi .......: 104 97 85 91 77 Texas .............: 43 58 61 78 54 : 4-State ...........: 90 100 76 120 79 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2019-2023 [Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and burrs per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : State and month : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Arkansas : September ..........: 900 994 990 811 795 October ............: 896 849 838 799 877 November ...........: 925 820 809 799 888 December ...........: 900 820 807 799 888 Final ..............: 900 820 807 799 888 : Georgia : September ..........: 598 606 597 605 581 October ............: 783 747 658 648 660 November ...........: 790 761 669 705 706 December ...........: 799 784 694 721 721 Final ..............: 803 785 694 721 721 : Mississippi : September ..........: 944 900 957 804 828 October ............: 895 867 807 814 863 November ...........: 904 877 848 830 849 December ...........: 901 875 849 828 849 Final ..............: 901 875 851 828 849 : Texas : September ..........: 458 576 491 583 416 October ............: 438 581 512 615 422 November ...........: 456 595 538 629 462 December ...........: 459 608 539 640 487 Final ..............: 461 608 539 643 488 : 4-State : September ..........: 551 645 567 641 513 October ............: 562 661 573 668 543 November ...........: 579 671 595 692 578 December ...........: 580 683 599 701 597 Final ..............: 593 693 597 708 635 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3,101 2,566 2,555 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 94,641 90,036 86,513 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,471 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 52,821 51,562 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) 15,634 All other ............................: (NA) 37,187 Oats ...................................: 2,555 2,318 831 Proso millet ...........................: 619 572 Rice ...................................: 2,894 2,932 2,854 Rye ....................................: 2,293 322 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 7,195 6,395 6,115 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 384 Wheat, all .............................: 49,575 47,498 37,272 Winter ...............................: 36,699 34,135 24,683 25,198 Durum ................................: 1,676 2,028 1,604 Other spring .........................: 11,200 11,335 10,985 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,344.5 2,366.5 2,319.2 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 178 105 160 Mustard seed ...........................: 245.0 238.1 Peanuts ................................: 1,645.0 1,651.0 1,574.0 Rapeseed ...............................: 13.2 10.1 Safflower ..............................: 129.5 126.0 Soybeans for beans .....................: 83,600 86,510 82,356 Sunflower ..............................: 1,315.0 957.5 1,267.5 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 10,230.0 10,673.0 6,439.6 Upland ...............................: 10,083.0 10,470.0 6,301.8 American Pima ........................: 147.0 203.0 137.8 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,137.4 1,129.0 1,127.3 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) 929.6 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 187.6 165.3 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 372.4 429.0 359.2 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,180.0 1,316.0 1,156.9 Dry edible peas ........................: 966.0 974.0 941.0 Lentils ................................: 546.0 762.0 523.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) 54.3 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 31.3 Potatoes ...............................: 965.0 960.2 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 12.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 72.4 185,036 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 177.3 15,341,595 Corn for silage ....................tons: 20.1 129,994 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.25 118,769 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.19 49,916 All other ........................tons: 1.85 68,853 Oats ............................bushels: 68.6 57,045 Proso millet ....................bushels: 34.2 19,572 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,649 218,291 Rye .............................bushels: 32.2 10,375 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 52.0 317,745 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 13.0 4,981 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 48.6 1,811,977 Winter ........................bushels: 50.6 50.7 1,247,748 1,277,695 Durum .........................bushels: 37.0 59,329 Other spring ..................bushels: 46.0 504,900 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,793 4,157,420 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) 3,644.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 18.5 2,961 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 627 149,305 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,742 5,890,020 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 2,003 20,230 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,036 130,570 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 50.6 4,164,677 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,786 2,263,520 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 899 12,066.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 895 11,750.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,101 316.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 31.2 35,226 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 36.3 33,766 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 2,305 432,452 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,315 4,722 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 2,067 23,910 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,922 18,086 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 1,098 5,742 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,915 104,042.5 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) 4,179 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) 666,647 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 90 2,811 Potatoes ............................cwt: 459 440,750 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 126 1,541 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 1,254,940 1,038,430 1,033,980 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 38,300,270 36,436,670 35,010,950 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,618,750 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 21,376,130 20,866,630 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) 6,326,920 All other ....................: (NA) 15,049,210 Oats ...........................: 1,033,980 938,070 336,300 Proso millet ...................: 250,500 231,480 Rice ...........................: 1,171,170 1,186,550 1,154,990 Rye ............................: 927,950 130,310 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,911,740 2,587,990 2,474,680 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 155,400 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 20,062,510 19,221,970 15,083,610 Winter .......................: 14,851,720 13,814,090 9,988,960 10,197,380 Durum ........................: 678,260 820,710 649,120 Other spring .................: 4,532,530 4,587,160 4,445,520 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 948,800 957,700 938,560 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 72,030 42,490 64,750 Mustard seed ...................: 99,150 96,360 Peanuts ........................: 665,720 668,140 636,980 Rapeseed .......................: 5,340 4,090 Safflower ......................: 52,410 50,990 Soybeans for beans .............: 33,832,080 35,009,730 33,328,650 Sunflower ......................: 532,170 387,490 512,940 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 4,139,980 4,319,260 2,606,040 Upland .......................: 4,080,490 4,237,100 2,550,280 American Pima ................: 59,490 82,150 55,770 Sugarbeets .....................: 460,290 456,900 456,210 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) 376,200 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 75,930 66,900 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 150,710 173,610 145,360 Dry edible beans ...............: 477,530 532,570 468,190 Dry edible peas ................: 390,930 394,170 380,810 Lentils ........................: 220,960 308,370 211,650 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) 21,980 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 12,670 Potatoes .......................: 390,530 388,580 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 4,940 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3.90 4,028,680 Corn for grain .........................: 11.13 389,694,460 Corn for silage ........................: 45.03 117,928,570 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.04 107,745,420 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.16 45,283,030 All other ............................: 4.15 62,462,390 Oats ...................................: 2.46 828,010 Proso millet ...........................: 1.92 443,890 Rice ...................................: 8.57 9,901,510 Rye ....................................: 2.02 263,540 Sorghum for grain ......................: 3.26 8,071,090 Sorghum for silage .....................: 29.08 4,518,690 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.27 49,313,930 Winter ...............................: 3.40 3.41 33,958,140 34,773,160 Durum ................................: 2.49 1,614,670 Other spring .........................: 3.09 13,741,130 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.01 1,885,770 Cottonseed .............................: (X) 3,305,780 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.16 75,210 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.70 67,720 Peanuts ................................: 4.19 2,671,670 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.25 9,180 Safflower ..............................: 1.16 59,230 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.40 113,343,930 Sunflower ..............................: 2.00 1,026,720 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 1.01 2,627,060 Upland ...............................: 1.00 2,558,260 American Pima ........................: 1.23 68,800 Sugarbeets .............................: 70.05 31,956,490 Sugarcane ..............................: 81.42 30,632,000 Tobacco ................................: 2.58 196,160 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.47 214,190 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.32 1,084,540 Dry edible peas ........................: 2.15 820,370 Lentils ................................: 1.23 260,450 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.15 47,190 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) 20,900 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) 302,390 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.10 1,280 Potatoes ...............................: 51.45 19,992,090 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.14 700 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2023-2024 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 339 345 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 1,096 922 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 2,548 2,688 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 965 904 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 11,357.5 Apricots ..............................tons: 35,820 Avocados ..............................tons: 128,850 Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: 648,000 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: 87,600 Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 354,300 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 200.2 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: 23,310 Cranberries .........................barrel: 8,110,000 : Dates .................................tons: 49,050 Grapes ................................tons: 5,909,500 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: 27,400 Nectarines (California) ...............tons: 145,500 Olives (California) ...................tons: 121,500 Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: 10,250 Peaches ...............................tons: 588,540 Pears .................................tons: 665,500 Plums (California) ....................tons: 89,600 Prunes (California) ...................tons: 287,400 Raspberries ...................1,000 pounds: 138,100 Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: 27,560.0 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 2,470,000 3,000,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: 94,200 Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: 36,800 Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: 306,750 Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: 1,490,000 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 824,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2023 and 2024 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2024 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2023-2024 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2023 : 2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 307,540 312,980 Lemons ....................................: 994,270 836,420 Oranges ...................................: 2,311,510 2,438,510 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 875,430 820,100 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 5,151,680 Apricots ..................................: 32,500 Avocados ..................................: 116,890 Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: 293,930 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: 39,730 Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 321,420 Cherries, Tart ............................: 90,810 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: 10,570 Cranberries ...............................: 367,860 : Dates .....................................: 44,500 Grapes ....................................: 5,361,010 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: 24,860 Nectarines (California) ...................: 132,000 Olives (California) .......................: 110,220 Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: 4,650 Peaches ...................................: 533,910 Pears .....................................: 603,730 Plums (California) ........................: 81,280 Prunes (California) .......................: 260,720 Raspberries ...............................: 62,640 Strawberries ..............................: 1,250,100 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,120,370 1,360,780 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: 85,460 Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: 16,690 Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 139,140 Pistachios (California) ...................: 675,850 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 747,520 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. April Weather Summary National drought coverage remained at a 4-year low during April, amid frequently stormy conditions. According to the Drought Monitor, drought coverage in the Lower 48 States dipped to 16.96 percent by April 30, down more than one percentage point from the beginning of the month. Drought last covered a smaller portion of the continental United States on May 5, 2020. However, April drought improvements in several key agricultural regions, including the western Corn Belt, were partially offset by worsening conditions across portions of the central and southern Plains. In Kansas, winter wheat rated good to excellent tumbled from 48 to 31 percent between March 31 and April 28, while wheat rated very poor to poor jumped from 15 to 31 percent. During the same 4-week period, national values for winter wheat rated good to excellent fell from 56 to 49 percent, while wheat rated very poor to poor rose from 11 to 16 percent. Despite frequent April showers, national planting progress advanced at a faster-than-normal pace, with local exceptions. Some of the most impressive April planting progress occurred in areas such as the South, which experienced long stretches of dry weather, and the western Corn Belt, which has been contending with limited soil moisture amid ongoing recovery from long-term drought. By April 28, nearly three-quarters (72 percent) of the Nation's intended rice acreage had been planted, far ahead of the 5-year average of 46 percent. On the same date, corn and soybeans were 27 and 18 percent planted, respectively, versus 5-year averages of 22 and 10 percent. Across the North, planting progress was significantly ahead of schedule by April 28 for crops such as sugarbeets (66 percent planted, compared to the 5-year average of 32 percent) and spring wheat (34 percent planted, versus the average of 19 percent). A combination of factors- including spring climatology, an active storm track associated with a fading El Ni�o, and a favorably positioned jet stream- resulted in several large outbreaks of severe thunderstorms. With outbreaks peaking on April 1-2, 9-11, 15-18, 25-28, and 30, there were 381 tornadoes across the country, according to preliminary reports. This marked the second-highest number of April tornadoes in the United States on record, behind only the historic total of 817 twisters in 2011. Although the tornadoes, along with high winds and large hail, resulted in localized damage in some of the Nation's agricultural regions, there were only six confirmed tornado-related fatalities-all on April 26, 27, and 30-compared with 363 deaths caused by tornadoes in April 2011. In most areas east of the Rockies, near- or above-normal temperatures promoted pasture growth, winter wheat development, and emergence of spring-sown crops. Monthly temperatures averaged at least 4�F above normal in scattered locations from the Plains into the Great Lakes States and central Appalachians. Nearly one-third (30 percent) of the Nation's winter wheat had headed by April 28, well ahead of the 5-year average of 21 percent-and marking the crop's most rapid pace of spring development since 2017. Similarly, 48 percent of the Nation's rice had emerged on that date-fastest since 2017 and far ahead of the 5-year average of 28 percent. In contrast, near- or slightly below-normal April temperatures slowed crop development in some areas west of the Rockies and near the Canadian border. For example, only 6 percent of the Nation's barley had emerged by April 28 (compared to the 5-year average of 8 percent), despite a faster-than-normal planting pace. Although the central and eastern United States escaped consistently cool weather, there were brief cold snaps. One such spell peaked on April 25-26 with widespread freezes in the Great Lakes and Northeastern States. A few days earlier, scattered frost had been reported as far south as the Tennessee Valley, while widespread freezes struck the northwestern half of the Plains and the upper Midwest. April Agricultural Summary April was warmer than normal for most of the Nation. Parts of the Great Lakes, Mid-Atlantic, Mississippi Valley, and Great Plains recorded temperatures 4�F or more above normal. In contrast, much of Florida, the Pacific Northwest, and Southwest were moderately cooler than normal. Locations in Arizona recorded temperatures 4�F or more below normal. During April, large parts of the Great Plains, Midwest, Northeast, South, and Southwest recorded higher than normal amounts of precipitation. Parts of the Delta and East Texas recorded 10 inches of rain or more during the month. By March 31, producers had planted 2 percent of the Nation's corn crop, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By April 14, producers had planted 6 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 1 percentage point behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By April 28, producers had planted 27 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 4 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. At that time, planting progress was furthest advanced in Texas and North Carolina with 71 percent and 70 percent planted, respectively. Seven percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by April 28, two percentage points ahead of the previous year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Three percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was planted by April 14, equal to last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighteen percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was planted by April 28, two percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 28, planting progress was furthest advanced in Arkansas and Mississippi with 56 percent and 52 percent planted, respectively. By March 31, four percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, 1 percentage point behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 14, eleven percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 28, thirty percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, 7 percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On April 28, forty-nine percent of the 2024 winter wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition, 21 percentage points above the same time last year. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State, 31 percent of the winter wheat crop was rated in good to excellent condition. Nationwide, 3 percent of the cotton crop was planted by March 31, equal to the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, 8 percent of the cotton crop was planted by April 14, one percentage point ahead of the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. Nationwide, 15 percent of the cotton crop was planted by April 28, one percentage point ahead of both the previous year and the 5-year average. At that time, planting progress was furthest advanced in Arizona with 64 percent, 21 percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eleven percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was planted by March 31, one percentage point behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fourteen percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was planted by April 14, equal to last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nineteen percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was planted by April 28, one percentage point behind both last year and the 5-year average. Texas had planted 65 percent of its sorghum acreage by April 28, two percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By March 31, producers had seeded 12 percent of the 2024 rice acreage, 3 percentage points behind the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. By March 31, seven percent of the Nation's rice acreage had emerged, 2 percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 14, producers had seeded 44 percent of the 2024 rice acreage, 11 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 18 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 14, eighteen percent of the Nation's rice acreage had emerged, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 28, producers had seeded 72 percent of the 2024 rice acreage, 12 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 26 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. At that time, planting progress was furthest advanced in Louisiana and Texas with 92 percent and 86 percent planted, respectively. By April 28, forty-eight percent of the Nation's rice acreage had emerged, 12 percentage points ahead of last year and 20 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, oat producers had seeded 30 percent of this year's acreage by March 31, six percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Twenty-five percent of the Nation's oat acreage was emerged by March 31, two percentage points ahead of the previous year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, oat producers had seeded 43 percent of this year's acreage by April 14, nine percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty percent of the Nation's oat acreage was emerged by April 14, four percentage points ahead of the previous year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, oat producers had seeded 63 percent of this year's acreage by April 28, sixteen percentage points ahead of last year and 12 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-two percent of the Nation's oat acreage was emerged by April 28, ten percentage points ahead of the previous year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Two percent of the Nation's barley crop was planted by March 31, two percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Eleven percent of the Nation's barley crop was planted by April 14, seven percentage points ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Thirty-five percent of the Nation's barley crop was planted by April 28, nineteen percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. At that time, planting progress was furthest advanced in Washington and Idaho, with 70 percent and 65 percent planted, respectively. Six percent of the Nation's barley crop had emerged by April 28, four percentage points ahead of the previous year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By April 14, seven percent of the spring wheat crop was seeded, 5 percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By April 28, thirty-four percent of the spring wheat crop was seeded, 24 percentage points ahead of last year and 15 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. At that time, planting progress was furthest advanced in Washington and Idaho, with 76 percent and 72 percent planted, respectively. By April 28, five percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop had emerged, 3 percentage points ahead of the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. Nationally, peanut producers had planted 1 percent of the 2024 peanut acreage by April 14, equal to both the previous year and the 5-year average. Nationally, peanut producers had planted 9 percent of the 2024 peanut acreage by April 28, two percentage points ahead of the previous year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. At that time, producers in Florida had planted 23 percent of the 2024 intended acreage by week's end, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By April 14, six percent of the sugarbeet crop was planted, 3 percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By April 28, sixty-six percent of the sugarbeet crop was planted, 44 percentage points ahead of last year and 34 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. At that time, planting progress was furthest advanced in Minnesota and Idaho with 81 percent and 63 percent planted, respectively. Crop Comments Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.28 billion bushels, up 2 percent from 2023. As of May 1, the United States yield is forecast at 50.7 bushels per acre, up 0.1 bushel from last year's average yield of 50.6 bushels per acre. Pennsylvania and Tennessee are expecting record high yields. Area expected to be harvested for grain is forecast at 25.2 million acres, up 2 percent from last year. Producers expect to harvest 74 percent of the planted acres for grain. If realized, this harvest ratio would be up from last year's ratio of 67 percent, but still the fourth lowest since 1951. Michigan and Virginia are expecting record low harvested acreage. As of April 28, forty-nine percent of the winter wheat acreage in the 18 major producing States was rated in good to excellent condition, 21 percentage points higher than at the same time last year. Nationally, 30 percent of the winter wheat crop was headed by April 28, nine percentage points ahead of the 5-year average pace. As of April 28, the winter wheat crop in Kansas, the largest winter wheat producing State, was rated in poor to very poor condition at 31 percent. Despite the current dry conditions in Kansas, the rating was worse on April 30, 2023, at 64 percent poor to very poor. As of April 28, the winter wheat crop in Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio was rated in good to excellent condition at 78 percent, 67 percent, and 69 percent, respectively. Durum wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 7.73 million bushels, up 34 percent from last year. Acreage intended for harvest in these two States is up 39 percent from 2023. Hay stocks on farms: All hay stored on United States farms as of May 1, 2024, totaled 21.0 million tons, up 47 percent from May 1, 2023. Disappearance from December 1, 2023 - May 1, 2024, totaled 55.7 million tons, down 3 percent from the same period a year earlier. Record high May 1 hay stock levels were estimated in Montana, Oklahoma, and Utah. Record low hay stocks were estimated in Rhode Island. Grapefruit: The United States 2023-2024 grapefruit crop is forecast at 345,000 tons, down 2 percent from the previous forecast but up 2 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida forecast, at 1.80 million boxes (77,000 tons), is down 10 percent from previous forecast and down 1 percent from the last season. California and Texas grapefruit production forecasts were carried forward from the previous forecast. Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 904,000 tons, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 6 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida tangerine and mandarin forecast, at 500,000 boxes (24,000 tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but up 4 percent from last season. The California tangerine and mandarin forecast was carried forward from the previous forecast. Peaches: The California 2024 peach crop is forecast at 510,000 tons, up 6 percent from 2023. The California Freestone crop is forecast at 280,000 tons, up 8 percent from last season. The California Clingstone crop is forecast at 230,000 tons, up 4 percent from the previous year. Full bloom occurred on March 12, two days earlier than last year. Recorded chilling hours were the second lowest in the last fifty years. Lack of rain during the winter months resulted in below average precipitation totals at the beginning of February 2024. Several storms during February and March have boosted the Sierra Nevada snowpack and significantly added to reservoirs bringing California to normal conditions. While California experienced heavy rain and hail at times during the spring months, there was minimal damage reported to the stone fruit crops. Growing conditions have been generally good which has resulted in healthy trees and an abundant fruit set. Harvest of early variety peaches has begun. Almonds: The 2024 California almond production (shelled basis) is forecast at 3.00 billion pounds, up 21 percent from the previous year. The California growers' 2024 almond crop experience varied, with primarily favorable weather during the first half of the growing season. The early varieties began to bloom in the second week of February. In the second half of the month, there were a handful of storms and winds, with no reports of damage to the crop. Overall, the mild temperatures and excellent weather in the latter part of February into early March helped boost pollination during the final stages. The almond bloom finished by mid-March. There was no risk of frost damage, and water allocation has not been an issue for the second straight year in a row. However, pest and disease pressures increased due to the warm and wet weather in April when the nuts were forming. 2023 Cotton Final: All cotton production is estimated at 12.1 million 480-pound bales, 17 percent lower than the 2022 crop. The United States yield for all cotton is estimated at 899 pounds per acre, down 54 pounds from the previous year. Upland cotton production is estimated at 11.8 million 480-pound bales, down 16 percent from the 2022 crop. The United States yield for upland cotton is estimated at 895 pounds per acre, down 50 pounds from 2022. American Pima production is estimated at 316,000 480-pounds bales, down 33 percent from 2022. The United States yield is estimated at 1,101 pounds per acre, down 180 pounds from the previous season. Cottonseed: Cottonseed production in 2023 totaled 3.64 million tons, down 17 percent from the previous year. Sales to oil mills accounted for 44 percent of the disposition. The remaining 56 percent will be used for seed, feed, exports, and various other uses. Statistical Methodology Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between April 24 and May 7 to gather information on expected yield as of May 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in three States (Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas) where wheat is normally mature enough to make meaningful counts. Farm operators were interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that would be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. The farm operator survey included a sample of approximately 8,300 producers representing all major production areas. The survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, and internet. These producers were selected from an earlier acreage survey and were asked about the probable winter wheat acres for harvest and yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. Orange survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the May 1 forecast was conducted in Florida. In August and September of last year, the number of bearing trees and the number of fruit per tree was determined. In August and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which are combined with the previous components to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for Navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published May 1 forecasts. Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield indications for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their analysis to prepare the published May 1 forecast. The May 1 orange production forecasts for California and Texas are carried forward from April. Revision Policy: The May 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in August. The orange production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the May 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the May 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 winter wheat production forecast is 5.8 percent. This means that chances are two out of three that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 5.8 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 10.1 percent. Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the May 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using winter wheat again as an example, changes between the May 1 forecast and final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 67 million bushels, ranging from 5 million to 245 million bushels. The May 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 8 times and above 12 times. This does not imply that the May 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of May 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :---------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :---------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : :Average:Smallest:Largest: final : final ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---- percent --- ----- millions ----- number : Oranges 1/ ...............tons: 3.8 6.5 145 6 452 9 11 Wheat : Winter wheat ........bushels: 5.8 10.1 67 5 245 8 12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Quantity is in thousands of units. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Nicholas Streff, Acting Chief, Crops Branch.......................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Progress and Condition...................................... (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans............................................. (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings.. (202) 690-1042 David Colwell - Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products........................... (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - County Estimates, Hay......................................... (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat..................................................... (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet..................................... (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................. (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Sunflower, Other Oilseeds...................................... (202) 720-7369 Travis Thorson - Peanuts, Rice.................................................. (202) 720-2127 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section................... (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco............................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Sweet Corn, Tomatoes................................................................. (202) 720-7235 Robert Little - Blueberries, Cabbage, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Pears, Raspberries, Spinach............................................. (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Asparagus, Celery, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios............... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes.......................... (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons.............. (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans............................ 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